Kaziranga National Park – The Land of One-Horned Rhinos

Introduction

Nestled in the floodplains of the mighty Brahmaputra River in Assam, Kaziranga National Park is one of India’s most iconic wildlife destinations. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, the park is globally acclaimed for its population of the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros. But Kaziranga is more than just a rhino reserve. It is a mosaic of lush grasslands, swampy lagoons, and dense forests, thriving with an astonishing variety of wildlife.

Whether you are an avid wildlife photographer, an adventure-seeker, or a nature lover, Kaziranga offers an immersive jungle experience. It combines the raw thrill of spotting tigers in the wild with the serene beauty of migratory birds and the cultural richness of Assam.

Where is Kaziranga National Park Located?

Kaziranga is situated in northeastern India, spanning the districts of Golaghat, Nagaon and Karbi Anglong in Assam. The park stretches across approximately 430 square kilometres, flanked by the Brahmaputra River to the north and the Karbi Anglong hills to the south.

Getting There:

• By Air: The nearest airport is Jorhat (97 km). Another option is Guwahati (217 km), which offers better connectivity.
• By Rail: Furkating Junction is the closest railway station (75 km away).
• By Road: National Highway 37 runs parallel to the park. Buses and cabs are available from Guwahati, Jorhat, and Tezpur.

Related Read: Assam Travel Guide

History and Legacy

The roots of Kaziranga date back to 1905, when it was declared a reserved forest. The park owes its inception to Mary Curzon, the wife of Lord Curzon (the then Viceroy of India), who was distressed by the absence of rhinos during a visit to the area. Her concern led to a series of protective measures that culminated in Kaziranga becoming a national park in 1974.

In 1985, Kaziranga earned its UNESCO World Heritage status, recognising its unique ecosystem and the critical role it plays in conservation. Today, it is not only a symbol of India’s wildlife conservation success but also one of the last refuges for the endangered One-Horned Rhinoceros.

Biodiversity: A Wildlife Treasure Trove

Kaziranga’s ecosystem includes vast stretches of tall elephant grass, tropical moist forests, marshes, and numerous water bodies that form an ideal habitat for a variety of species.

The Big Five of Kaziranga:

1. One-Horned Rhinoceros: With over 2,600 individuals, Kaziranga hosts the world’s 70 percent of population of this majestic species.
2. Bengal Tiger: Kaziranga is a Project Tiger site and boasts the highest tiger density in India.
3. Asian Elephant: These gentle giants roam the park in large herds.
4. Swamp Deer (Barasingha): A vulnerable species seen in the park’s wetlands.
5. Wild Water Buffalo: More than 57% of the global population lives here.

Avian Paradise:

Kaziranga is also a BirdLife International Important Bird Area, home to:

• Bar-headed Geese
• Eastern Imperial Eagle
• Greater Adjutant Stork
• Black-necked Stork
• Bengal Florican (critically endangered)

More than 500 bird species have been recorded, including numerous migratory birds that arrive during winter.

Other Wildlife:

• Leopards, Sloth Bears, and Civets
• Indian Python and King Cobra
• Otters, Fishing Cats, and Wild Boars

Kaziranga offers a wildlife spectacle unmatched in richness and diversity.

Safari in Kaziranga National Park

The park is divided into four main zones, each offering a distinct experience. Safaris are organised by the forest department and must be booked in advance.

Safari Types:

• Jeep Safari: Covers larger areas and offers better chances of big game sightings.
• Elephant Safari: Conducted in the early morning; ideal for spotting rhinos up close in tall grass.

Safari Zones:

1. Kohora (Central Zone): Easily accessible, rich in wildlife.
2. Bagori (Western Zone): Ideal for rhino and elephant sightings.
3. Agratoli (Eastern Zone): Excellent for birding and less crowded.
4. Burapahar (Southern Zone): Great for trekking and hilly terrain views.

Timings:

• Morning: 7:00 AM – 10:00 AM
• Afternoon: 1:30 PM – 4:30 PM

Note: Timings may change as per guidelines given competent authority.

Cost:

• Jeep Safari: ₹3,500–₹5,000 per jeep (6 pax)
• Elephant Safari: ₹1,200–₹2,000 per person

Note: Please carry ID proof and book your slot in advance, especially during peak season. For more details on the fee structure for different entry gates, please refer to the site – https://kaziranga.nptr.in/rateandtiming.

BOOK ONLINE on the official site: https://kazirangasafari.in/booking/user/index

Best Time to Visit:-

The park remains open from October to April:-

• October to November: Reopening season; fresh landscapes.
• December to February: Cool and dry; best for wildlife spotting.
• March to April: Ideal for birdwatchers; dry weather enhances animal visibility.

Avoid visiting during May to September, as monsoon floods render the park inaccessible.

Things to Do Around Kaziranga

Apart from safaris, Kaziranga offers cultural and ecological attractions:

• Kaziranga National Orchid & Biodiversity Park: Features over 500 orchid species, traditional crafts, and dance performances.
• Tea Garden Tours: Visit tea estates near Golaghat for an immersive experience.
• Cultural Shows: Evening Bihu and tribal dance performances near Kohora.
• Day Trips:
  • Majuli Island: The Largest River island with rich Vaishnavite culture.
  • Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary: Known for high rhino density, just 3 hours away.

Related Read: Majuli – The World’s Largest River Island

Where to Stay

Kaziranga offers accommodations for all types of travellers:

Luxury accommodations:

• IORA – The Retreat: A 4-star resort with modern amenities.
• Resort Borgos: Premium facilities near the central zone.
• Infinity Resort
• Bon Habi Jungle Resort
• Wild Grass Lodge: Eco-friendly and ideal for birders.
• Jupuri Ghar
• Landmark Woods
• Diphlu River Lodge
• Agoratoli Resort
• United 21 Grassland

Mid-Range Accommodation:

• Tourist Lodges under Assam Tourism
• Government Guest Houses and Inspection Bungalows.
• Forest Department dormitory.
• Hotels.

Budget Accommodations:

A large number of Homestays are available at Kohora and nearby areas with ethnic local cuisine and culture, which is more enjoyable and also budget-friendly.

Book early during peak months (Dec–Feb).

Responsible Travel Tips

• Avoid plastic and littering inside the park.
• Maintain silence during safaris.
• Do not feed or provoke animals.
• Support local businesses and eco-friendly stays.
• Respect local customs and wildlife laws.

Interesting Facts about Kaziranga

• Kaziranga is home to over 70% of the world’s one-horned rhinos.
• It has the highest tiger density in the world (though sightings are rare).
• The park is naturally rejuvenated by annual flooding.
• Hosts more than 3 million tourists annually.

Final Thoughts

Kaziranga National Park is a rare gem, offering encounters with some of the most iconic species in the wild. It is a must-visit for anyone passionate about nature and committed to sustainability. Visiting Kaziranga is not just a wildlife expedition; it’s a journey into one of Earth’s richest biospheres. With ethical tourism practices and local support, this park will continue to be a beacon of conservation.

Plan your Trip well in advance and step into the world of the one-horned giants.

Don’t miss adding to the itinerary:- Meghalaya- The Abode of Clouds